ABSTRACT
Chinese herbal medicines play a great role in disease prevention and treatment， while some may cause adverse effects on the human body after of long-term application. Liver injury， one of such adverse effects， is an important check item in the development of new Chinese medicines for clinical application and has become a major reason for the withdrawal of many listed drugs from the market. With the rising concern about the safety of Chinese herbal medicines， studies about liver injury caused by herbal medicines are increasing. Most of the studies focus on liver injury caused by Chinese herbal medicines or their ingredients. To improve the safety of Chinese herbal medicines， this paper summarizes the material basis and mechanisms of several Chinese herbal medicines that cause liver injury and the measures to reduce liver injury. These measures include reducing the dose and course of administration， changing the route of administration， and altering the dosage form， compatibility， and processing. In addition， this paper introduces the biological effects and mechanisms of single Chinese herbal medicines， Chinese medicine prescriptions， and active components in the prevention and treatment of liver injury. Furthermore， this paper proposes the safe dose and efficacy-toxicity boundary of Chinese herbal medicines that may cause liver injury by referring to the modern research on toxicity reduction， clarifies the mechanisms of toxicity reduction measures， and determines the material basis of liver injury induced by Chinese herbal medicines， which will ensure the safe application of herbal medicines in clinical practice. Finally， this paper suggests that efforts should be made to strengthen the clinical research on the prevention and treatment of liver injury and elucidate the scientific connotation of the prevention and treatment of liver injury by Chinese herbal medicines by using modern science and technology， aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of liver injury.
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Through a retrospective analysis of the projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the past ten years in the field of Chinese medicine for the treatment of malignant tumors, this article systematically summarized the main research contents and hotspots of Chinese medicine in efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction. The efficacy enhancement of Chinese medicine mainly included the mitigation of molecule-targeted drug resistance, multidrug resistance, and chemotherapy resistance, synergistic efficacy enhancement, and radiotherapy sensitization. The toxicity reduction is mainly reflected in the alleviation of the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, Chinese medicine has advantages in reducing serious adverse reactions of malignant tumors, providing more options for the adjuvant treatment of tumors.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Foundations , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Natural Science Disciplines , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Glycyrrhizae Radix is the dry roots or rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflate, and G. glabra, which was used in clinical therapy combined with other drugs. In this paper, we summarized the recent studies in domestic and overseas on the interaction between the components of Glycyrrhizae Radix and the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP), including, 1) the CYP enzymes involved the metabolism of the chemical components of Glycyrrhizae Radix; 2) the inhibition and induction of chemical components of Glycyrrhizae Radix on the activity of CYP enzyme; 3) the progress in the study on the potential herbal-drug interactions in clinical use of Glycyrrhizae Radix preparations. Further studies on the interactions between the chemical components in Glycyrrhizae Radix and the main drug metabolic enzymes have the great significance for guiding the efficacy enhancing, detoxification, and compatibility of Chinese materia medica, which is very important to avoid the clinical herb-drug interactions.
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To analyze the endogenous metabolite changes in rat plasma after intervention by Sini Tang and Sini Tang without Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma based on GC-MS metabonomics technology, and study the toxicity reduction effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Sini Tang on Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata. Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, Sini Tang group and Sini Tang without Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group on average. The rats in Sini Tang group and Sini Tang without Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group were treated respectively with physic liquor by intragastric administration at the dose of 0.02 mL•g ⁻¹ (equivalent to 0.8 g•mL ⁻¹ crude drugs) once a day for 7 days. The rats in normal group were given with equal volume of saline solution. The plasma samples were collected from each rat 0.5 h after the last administration for GC-MS detection. The data was used for multivariate statistical analysis to obtain 14 potential metabolic markers(13 of them were identified). Then their relative content and metabolic pathways were analyzed. Compared with Sini Tang without Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group, seven metabolic markers of were reduced in Sini Tang group. Analysis on physiological functions of these potential metabolic markers showed that the Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Sini Tang could reduce the toxicity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata by adjusting the glycolysis, lipid metabolism, citrate cycle and some amino acids metabolism.
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In this study, the changes of bullatine A in plasma and skin of mice with time in microemulsion gel and ordinary gel of Aconitum brachypodum total alkaloids were compared through UPLC-MS/MS, and their pharmacokinetic parameters were also compared and analyzed, to investigate the feasibility of microemulsion agent in the transdermal drug delivery. UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of bullatine A in plasma and skin had high sensitivity and was in line with the pharmacokinetic study requirements for transdermal drug delivery. The main pharmacokinetic parameters for microemulsion gel in the plasma were as follows: Cmax=(37.62±14.31) μg•L⁻¹, Tmax=(3.40±1.34) h, AUC0-∞=(1 027.7±260) μg•L⁻¹•h⁻¹, MRT=(34.80±12.31) h, MRTlast=(10.68±0.57) h, t1/2=(23.11±9.20) h; main pharmacokinetic parameters for ordinary gel in the blood: Cmax=(52.23±15.90) μg•L⁻¹, Tmax=(4.00±0.00) h, AUC0-∞=(728.60±280.80) μg•L⁻¹•h⁻¹, MRT=(20.69±3.98) h, MRTlast=(9.34±0.42) h, t1/2=(14.69±3.15) h. The results showed that the microemulsion gel had more stable transdermal absorption, longer duration of action and higher bioavailability than ordinary gel, indicating that the microemulsion gel had a good and stable transdermal effect. There was no significant difference in bioavailability of bullatine A in skin between microemulsion gel and ordinary gel.
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[Objective] To study synergistic effect and decreasing toxicity of Sarcandra Glabra essential oils (SGE) on H22 and S180 bearing mice treated with cytoxan (CTX).[Method] Transplanting H22 and S180 mice tumor models were established to observe the tumor inhibiting rate when SGE was used in combination with CTX by two different routes of administration.While the inhibition effects of SGE in decreasing blood platelet,leukocyte and hemoglobin induced by CTX were also detected.[Result] SGE has anti-tumor and synergy effect when combined with CTX on H22 and S180 bearing mice.The H22 and S180 tumor inhibiting rates of CTX (10mg?kg-1 or 15mg?kg-1) combined with SGE (36.6mg?kg-1) by iv.were increased compared with using CTX alone (P
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Objective To study the efficiency enhancement and toxicity reduction effects of scutellaria barbata polysaccharides(SBPS) on mice treated with cytoxan(CTX).Methods Transplanted H22 hepatoma mice were randomly divided into negative control group,CTX group and combined SBPS and CTX group.After 10 d of consecutive drug administration,the tumor inhibitory rate,blood white cell count,phagocytic index and activity of IL-2 were measured.Results SBPS increased the tumor inhibitory rate and reduced the toxicity of cytoxan,and enhanced the function of mononuclear phagocytes and the activity of IL-2 and TNF-?.Conclusions SBPS has efficiency enhancement and toxicity reduction effects on cytoxan,and the mechanism may be by increasing the immunologic function of the organism.